at:tutorial:appendix
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- | ====== Appendix ====== | + | ====== Appendix: Libraries |
In the appendix, we explain useful libraries available to the AmbientTalk/ | In the appendix, we explain useful libraries available to the AmbientTalk/ | ||
Line 82: | Line 82: | ||
It is also possible to use '' | It is also possible to use '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | <note hint> | ||
+ | See [[distribution# | ||
+ | </ | ||
==== Test Suites ==== | ==== Test Suites ==== | ||
Line 392: | Line 396: | ||
=== Futures === | === Futures === | ||
- | The module ''/ | + | The module ''/ |
The module exports the type tags '' | The module exports the type tags '' | ||
Line 464: | Line 468: | ||
==== Dynamic Variables ==== | ==== Dynamic Variables ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | The module ''/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | A dynamic variable can be defined as follows: | ||
+ | < | ||
+ | def name := dynamicVariable: | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | It can be read as follows: | ||
+ | < | ||
+ | ?name or name.value | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | It can be assigned only within a limited dynamic scope, as follows: | ||
+ | < | ||
+ | with: name is: newval do: { code } | ||
+ | // or | ||
+ | name.is: newval in: { code } | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | When '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | By convention, we prefix the names of dynamic variables with a '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | You can find more usage examples of dynamic variables in the unit test included in the file '' | ||
==== Ambient References ==== | ==== Ambient References ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Ambient references are defined in the module ''/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | import / | ||
+ | deftype Printer; | ||
+ | def printers := ambient: Printer; | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | In the above code, '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Ambient references ship with two so-called " | ||
==== Structural Types ==== | ==== Structural Types ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | The module ''/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | A structural type can be branded with type tags. In this case, objects only conform to the type if they are structurally conformant **and** if they are tagged with the structural type's brands. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Use the '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | def PersonProtocol := protocol: { | ||
+ | def name; | ||
+ | def age; | ||
+ | } named: `Person; | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | The '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | def tom := object: { | ||
+ | def name := " | ||
+ | def age() { 24 }; | ||
+ | } implements: PersonProtocol; | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | You can also create a protocol from an object: | ||
+ | < | ||
+ | |||
+ | You can test protocol conformance in either of two styles: | ||
+ | * '' | ||
+ | * '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | You can also force a '' | ||
+ | * '' | ||
+ | * '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | More usage examples of structural types can be found in the unit test defined in the file '' | ||
==== Traits ==== | ==== Traits ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | The module ''/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Using the '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | To define a " | ||
+ | < | ||
+ | trait: { | ||
+ | ... | ||
+ | } requiring: Protocol; | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | The above code creates a trait that can only be composed into an object adhering to the specified protocol. To compose traits, use the following language construct: | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | object: { | ||
+ | use: { | ||
+ | import T1 exclude ...; | ||
+ | import T2 alias ...; | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | The '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Note that the place where '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Usage examples can be found in the unit tests in the file '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Utilities ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | The files in the '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Timing Utilities ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | The module ''/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | def subscription := when: timeoutPeriod elapsed: { | ||
+ | ... | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | The '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | The milliseconds used to define the timeout period must be provided as a Java '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | * '' | ||
+ | * '' | ||
+ | * '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Additionally, | ||
+ | |||
+ | The timer module also defines a function '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | The timer module defines a small number of additional utility functions which can be found in the file '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Logging Framework ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | The module ''/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Here's a typical example of how to use a logger: | ||
+ | < | ||
+ | import / | ||
+ | def log := makeLogger(" | ||
+ | log("a message", | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | The '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | The logging level determines which messages are shown on the output log. The available error levels are: '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | The output object is an object that understands '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Object Inspector ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | The module ''/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | import / | ||
+ | inspect(o); | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | This will pop up a graphical inspector on the object, listing the object' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Symbiosis Utilities ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | The module ''/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | long(anAmbientTalkNumber) -> aJavaLong | ||
+ | short(anAmbientTalkNumber) -> aJavaShort | ||
+ | float(anAmbientTalkFraction) -> aJavaFloat | ||
+ | byte(anAmbientTalkNumber) -> aJavaByte | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | The module also defines the following function: | ||
+ | < | ||
+ | cast: obj into: Interface | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | The '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Miscellaneous ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | The module ''/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Random Numbers === | ||
+ | |||
+ | The utility module defines functions for easily generating random numbers. Its implementation uses the random number generators from the underlying JVM. The following functions are the most useful: | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | // generate a random integer in the interval [min, max[ | ||
+ | def randomNumberBetween(min, | ||
+ | // generate a random fraction in the interval [min, max[ | ||
+ | def randomFractionBetween(min, | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Custom Object Serialization === | ||
+ | |||
+ | The method '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | //inside a mirror | ||
+ | def instancevar := ...; | ||
+ | def pass() { | ||
+ | uponArrivalBecome: | ||
+ | // return object to become here | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | The function plays a role similar to '' |
at/tutorial/appendix.txt · Last modified: 2021/09/24 10:28 by elisag